This is my past experience from other cars�
After ignition the ECU checks the MAF/lambda sensors etc and calculates how far out the mix is and adjusts accordingly to try get the magic 1:14.7 ratio. This is when the car is in closed loop. All modifications to the fuel trim in closed loop are recorded down in the short term fuel trim which is an adjustment on the base map � the adjustments can be seen with an OBD reader plugged in.
When under full throttle, the car will revert to Open loop and stop taking readings from the lambda sensor only, and will revert to the base map along with the recorded long term fuel trims - The long term fuel trims are calculated by averaging the short term fuel adjustments over time. Some tuners disable this function!
Although modern ECU�s are quite complex, they are very limited in the adjustment they can do over the pre recorded base map, particularly as map adjustments are not linear and this is why the base map need to be rewritten for any big modifications. Changes in say an induction kit, or varying atmospheric conditions and the ECU should cope. Adding a free flowing manifold may or may not be too much for the ECU to adjust�.
I had a vx220 with highlift cams, ported throttle body, upgraded exhaust and intake manfolds and a whole host of other upgrades and never needed a remap. On the RR the AFR was always slightly rich as the original map intended, but then all ECU�s are different and may not cope as well. It wasn�t until I started changing the injectors that the ECU couldn�t cope with the different pulse rates, and a remap was required.